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　　3. 環(huán)境題材 Environment

　　引言

　　環(huán)境污染與保護(hù)。

　　犧牲環(huán)境為代價(jià)的發(fā)展會(huì)嚴(yán)重危及人類的生存，因此，應(yīng)該在發(fā)展與保護(hù)環(huán)境中尋求一種平衡。高科技發(fā)展導(dǎo)致環(huán)境污染，保護(hù)環(huán)境是要人們過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單生活還是依賴科技？個(gè)人在環(huán)保中是否可以發(fā)揮作用？有人認(rèn)為公司和個(gè)人，而不是政府應(yīng)該為他們所造成的污染負(fù)責(zé)，是否同意？環(huán)境問(wèn)題個(gè)人是無(wú)法解決的，只有企業(yè)和國(guó)家才能解決，是否同意？

　　環(huán)境題目真題再現(xiàn)

　　A 類題目

　　20050806 Many people say that we have developed into a “throw-away society”, because we are

　　filling up our environment with so many plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot fully dispose of.

　　To want extent do you agree with this opinion and what measures can you recommend to reduce

　　this problem?

　　關(guān)鍵詞解讀：環(huán)境污染中的垃圾問(wèn)題

　　20090212 Development in technology leads to environmental problems, and some people think

　　that the solution to these problems is for everyone to lead a simpler way of life, while others say

　　that technology can solve these problems. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

　　關(guān)鍵詞解讀：科技解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題

　　20090221 Some think that environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve, while

　　others think the problems cannot be solved unless individuals take some action. Discuss both

　　views and give your opinion.

　　關(guān)鍵詞解讀：個(gè)人解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題

　　20090711 Some people think that companies and individuals, rather than governments, should pay

　　to clean up the pollution that they have caused. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this

　　statement

　　關(guān)鍵詞解讀：誰(shuí)來(lái)出污染處理費(fèi)用

　　20091031 The environmental problem in the world can not be solved by ordinary people, and

　　governments and large companies should be responsible for this problem. To what extent do you

　　agree or disagree?

　　關(guān)鍵詞解讀：環(huán)境問(wèn)題個(gè)人還是政府解決

　　G 類題目

　　Some people claim that it is the responsibility for some individuals to protect the environment,

　　while others consider that the government should take the main responsibility. Discuss both views

　　and give your opinion.

　　關(guān)鍵詞解讀： 與 A 類題目重合

進(jìn)入雅思大作文話題素材及核心詞匯（上篇）

　　◎ 污染

　　環(huán)境污染(pollution/ contamination)日益嚴(yán)重(worsening)，對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平衡(ecological

　　balance)帶來(lái)了威脅(pose a threat to)，如汽車(chē)帶來(lái)的尾氣排放(emission of cars)造成的空氣

　　污染、 溫室氣體(greenhouse gas)帶來(lái)的全球變暖(climate change)。

　　◎ 原因

　　人口爆炸

　　overpopulation——scarcity of water ——inadequate behavior

　　過(guò)度工業(yè)化

　　over-industrialization——use up the resources——ignore sustainable development

　　過(guò)度開(kāi)發(fā)

　　overexploitation——consume the natural resources and threaten the equilibrium of ecosystem

　　◎ 解決

　　意識(shí)提升：enhance the awareness of environmental protection of the general public

　　再度利用：reuse, recycle, renewable, reproduce

　　加強(qiáng)保護(hù)：strengthen the preservation

　　全面合作：government, society and every family make joint efforts

　　involve the international cooperation as well as individuals’ effort

　　開(kāi)發(fā)能源：explore alternative energy to replace the fossil fuels

　　explore environmentally-friendly fuel

　　采取措施：take harsher measures

　　出臺(tái)法律：enact the relevant laws

　　work out the regulations

　　教育普及：popularize the knowledge of environmental protection

　　cultivate the good habit in life

　　媒體倡導(dǎo)：arouse the attention of the public of the importance of environment

　　詞匯部分

　　environment n. 自然環(huán)境，生態(tài)環(huán)境

　　【 同 源 詞 匯 】 environmental adj. 環(huán) 境 的 ； environmentally adv. 有 關(guān) 環(huán) 境 方 面 ；

　　environmentalism n. 環(huán)境保護(hù)論

　　【經(jīng)典搭配】ruin the environment 破壞環(huán)境

　　strengthen environmental protection 加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù)

　　protect the environment from the pollution 保護(hù)環(huán)境不受污染

　　【即學(xué)即用】Economic development is clearly essential for communities’ livelihoods and the

　　well-being of nations, but is often a source of harmful environmental pollution.

　　很顯然，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有利于國(guó)富民強(qiáng)，但同時(shí)也是環(huán)境污染的源頭。

　　environmentalist n. 環(huán)境論者，環(huán)保人士

　　【即學(xué)即用】He is an environmentalist with a passion of the biology and geography of the region.

　　他是一個(gè)環(huán)保人士，對(duì)這個(gè)地區(qū)的生物和地理很有熱情。

　　思路拓展

　　環(huán)保 4R 的理念

　　Reduction 減量

　　Reuse 重復(fù)使用

　　Recycling 回收性

　　Regeneration 再生

　　pollution n. 污染

　　【同源詞匯】pollute vt. 污染；polluted adj. 受污染的；pollutant n. 污染物

　　【同義表達(dá)】contamination n. 污染，污染物

　　【即學(xué)即用】People would pay high price for the environmental pollution caused by man-made

　　waste.

　　人們會(huì)為產(chǎn)生的垃圾帶來(lái)的環(huán)境污染付出高昂的代價(jià)。

　　詞匯拓展

　　organic pollutants 有機(jī)污染物

　　white pollution 白色污染

　　water and soil erosion 水土流失

　　endangered wildlife 瀕危野生動(dòng)物

　　greenhouse effect 溫室效應(yīng)

　　rubbish/ garbage/ trash/ waste/ litter 垃圾

　　chemical pollutant 化學(xué)污染物

　　air and noise contamination / pollution 空氣和噪音污染

　　over-industrialization 過(guò)度工業(yè)化

　　deforestation 森林砍伐

　　the deterioration of air quality 日益惡化的空氣質(zhì)量

　　contaminate vt. 污染

　　【同源詞匯】contamination n. 污染，污染物；contaminant n. 污染物，致污物

　　【同義表達(dá)】pollute vt. 污染

　　【即學(xué)即用】Environmental pollutants from many different sources contaminate water, air, and

　　land, putting humans and ecosystems at risk.

　　不同來(lái)源的污染物質(zhì)會(huì)污染水、空氣及土壤，使人類和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)面臨威脅。

　　思路拓展

　　Humans are paying the price（付出代價(jià)）of these pollutants on

　　many levels: from direct harm to health through cancer, neurological

　　impairment（神經(jīng)損害）, and other ailments（疾病）, to contamination

　　of the food chain （污染食物鏈）and the failing capacity of ecosystems

　?。ㄉ鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)的容納能力減弱）to absorb wastes and provide the

　　essentials for life. These complex and urgent problems require

　　innovative, flexible, and action-oriented（以行動(dòng)為導(dǎo)向）approaches to

　　finding solutions.

　　alleviate vt. 減輕，緩和

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