三、轉(zhuǎn)折論證

　　轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯詞代表：but，yet，however等

　　例：

　　Yes, most wealthy people tell us stories of the giant risk they took on the way to extraordinary success. But don’t jump to the conclusion that the willingness to take risks is a key to success. It’s deceptive because we only hear about the people who successfully take risks but we don’t get to hear about the thousands who take similar risks and lose.

　　四、讓步論證

　　讓步邏輯詞有：granted， admittedly, it’s true that..., sure,... 等。需要注意的是，我們一般都是通過(guò)上述這些詞制造出虛假妥協(xié)氣氛，之后再引入轉(zhuǎn)折詞，如however，yet， nevertheless，still等。

　　例：

　　I don’t think cars are necessarily “greener” than airplanes. Granted, one flight consumes more fuel and causes more pollution than a single car journey. However, air trips carry far more passengers than car rides. Therefore, given the amount of pollution produced per passenger per kilometer travelled, a car journey is no more fuel-efficient or environmentally-friendly than a flight.

　　五、類比/對(duì)比論證

　　邏輯詞：similarly, likewise, while, whereas, in contrast 等。

　　例：

　　All of us have had —— and will continue to have —— difficult experiences and failures. It’s up to us to learn from them. One person who loses a job may become depressed, then withdraw, and finally start to blame others for his/her problems. In sharp contrast, another person who does not make excuses for failures may try to identify his/her own weaknesses, choose to go back to school or go to a refresher course, switch to another career path that is better suited to his/her potential, or relocate to a more prosperous area. Even though these two people have had the same failure, they will end up getting vastly different results.

　　以上就是我們?cè)讵?dú)立寫(xiě)作中經(jīng)常運(yùn)用的邏輯寫(xiě)法，這些邏輯寫(xiě)法有助于幫助我們理清思路，確保我們不會(huì)東一榔頭西一棒槌地寫(xiě)出一些連自己都不忍直視的作文。

　　好啦，知道了這么多有用的主體段展開(kāi)方法，剩下的就是不斷地練習(xí)啦。