很多考生反饋托?？谡Z中task1、2中很難想到好的例子。今天我們就來討論一下，在托福口語中要想說出"好例子"該怎么表達(dá)?

　　事實(shí)上，“好的例子”包含這樣兩個(gè)方面的特質(zhì)：其一是足夠的細(xì)致，“請你喝東西”和“請你喝一杯美式熱咖啡”給人的感受是大不相同的。其二是要足夠的一致，也就是說例子與其論述的話題要在論證方向上完美一致。"好例子"的表達(dá)方式可以分為：定義、闡述、舉例、細(xì)分、背景、總結(jié)、原因、結(jié)果、類比還有名言。以下我們會用幾個(gè)題目來解析托?？谡Z"好例子"該怎么說?

　　“定義”其實(shí)就是對話題當(dāng)中的某個(gè)概念(往往就是在口語題中提及的話題詞)所做的簡要說明，展開討論，塑造觀點(diǎn)。范例如下：

　　Talk about a skill or ability that youconsider especially important for a student to have. Use details and examplesto explain your answer.

　　——TPO 19

　　參考答案：

　　I used to have trouble with doing homeworkwhen I was a young child because I did not make enough time for it. I wanted toplay with my friends, and I delayed homework until the last minute. Therefore,I believe that time organization makes up on important skill for a studentbecause this ability helps reduce procrastination. Procrastination is the enemyof the student, lowering both the quality of the work and the volume of the work. If a student can find a way to plan his/her activities throughout the dayand adhere strictly to this to-do-list, he/she will defeat procrastination andfind a way to improve effectiveness and live a fulfilling life.

　　《新托福真題詳解——口語分卷(第一冊第二版)》

　　“闡述”是對于觀點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步解釋說明。當(dāng)觀點(diǎn)有值得被說明特點(diǎn)/特質(zhì)/起源時(shí)，常使用該方法促使讀者更清楚地了解觀點(diǎn)。范例如下：

　　Some people enjoy taking risks and tryingnew things. Others are not adventurous: they are cautious and prefer to avoiddanger. Which behavior do you think is better? Explain why.

　　——TPO 8

　　參考答案：

　　While it is difficult to say what iscorrect in every situation, I believe that being cautious is a better behaviorthan being daring and adventurous. The win-big or lose-big mentality of riskypeople is dangerous; if they win big a few times, they start to think that theycan win more. This can continue until they lose big. Cautious people are more stablein most areas of life. And cautious people are the ones who start the moststable families, and they are more reliable, etc.

　　《新托福真題詳解——口語分卷(第一冊第二版)》

　　“舉例”是當(dāng)抽象化事物(較為概括)的特質(zhì)通過某些具體事物(較為詳盡)表現(xiàn)出來時(shí)。舉例是口語中最常用到的論證方式。范例如下：

　　Some people believe that television has hada positive influence on society. Others believe it has had a negative influenceon society. Which do you agree with and why? Use details and examples toexplain your opinion.

　　——TPO 1

　　參考答案：

　　I believe that television has had a mainlypositive effect on society. Television is one of the best ways to conveyinformation to many people. For example, news programs are easy to watch andallow people to effortlessly stay up-to-date with current events. Televisionnews programs cover everything from local events to worldwide news, and arevery convenient for people to watch before or after work. In addition, I thinkthat television is good for family life. Families can often sit together andwatch television, and in a time when teenagers rebel against their parents andseek independence, TV offers a nice way for family members to stay close to oneother.

　　《新托福真題詳解——口語分卷(第一冊第二版)》

　　“細(xì)分”就是把一個(gè)大的討論范圍(合集)按照某個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分為若干小的討論范圍(子集)，它很實(shí)用，既可以用于從總論點(diǎn)劃分出分論點(diǎn)，也可以用于將分論點(diǎn)展開成主體段時(shí)做拆分。在口語中，分成兩個(gè)子論點(diǎn)的情況較為常見。有鑒于答題時(shí)間，我們一般會覺得細(xì)分三點(diǎn)就會顯得比較局促了。范例如下：

　　Some college students choose to takecourses in a variety of subject areas in order to get a broad education. Otherschoose to focus on a single subject area in order to have a deeperunderstanding of that area. Which approach to course selection do you think isbetter for students and why?

　　——TPO 2

　　參考答案：

　　To me, college should both broaden anddeepen one’s knowledge. I think that at the beginning of college, perhaps forthe first and second year students, it is good to receive a broad education.Taking a wide range of courses allows these students to become knowledgeableabout many subjects and makes them better-rounded. Once students decide on amajor, focusing on that single subject is the best, as this will allow them totruly excel in the field they choose to enter.

　　《新托福真題詳解——口語分卷(第一冊第二版)》

　　“背景”討論的是比主體對象更大的東西，對主體對象起到支持或支撐作用。一般有兩種提供背景的方法。第一種是較為嚴(yán)格意義上的擴(kuò)大討論范圍，通過說明“整體”所具有的性質(zhì)來論證“部分(實(shí)際論證對象)”也自然具有同一性質(zhì)。第二種是提供一個(gè)關(guān)系稍顯松散，只是對要論證的對象有鋪墊作用的大的背景信息?？谡Z之中也很常見。范例如下：

　　Talk about an important experience that yourecently had. Describe what happened and explain why it was important toyou.

　　——TPO 9

　　參考答案：

　　I recently spent a year studying abroad inChina, and I found the experience to be engaging and worthwhile. Living alonein a foreign country allowed me to be truly independent for a year, and I feellike I have matured greatly from the experience. I now know how to bettermanage my money, how to plan my days out, and more. In addition, my Chinesespeaking ability has improved dramatically. Using Chinese to speak to peoplearound me every day helped my Chinese improve a lot, so the effects of my Chinatrip are still with me every day.

　　《新托福真題詳解——口語分卷(第一冊第二版)》