例1According to the professor, when might stratigraphy provide misleading information about a portable object?

　　A. When the object has decomposed over time.

　　B. When the object is older than the site at which it was found.

　　C. When the object is found in the lowest soil layer of a site.

　　D. When the object was broken during excavation.

　　首先，定位原文。根據(jù)題目中提到的a portable object可以定位原文，That would be stratigraphy. Stratigraphy is used for dating portable art. When archaeologists are digging at a site, they make very careful notes about which stratum(strata), which layer of earth they find things in. And, you know, the general rule is that the oldest layers are at the lowest level. But this only works if the site hasn’t been touched, and the layers are intact. A problem with this dating method is that an object could have been carried around, used for several generations before it was discarded. So it might be much older than the layer or even the site where it was found.

　　其次，根據(jù)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析。But this only works， But(轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞)表明stratigraphy 的適用是有條件的，只有該地未被動(dòng)過(guò)時(shí)，用此方法測(cè)試時(shí)準(zhǔn)確的。A problem with this dating method說(shuō)明說(shuō)這個(gè)方法的缺陷，被挖出來(lái)的物品很可能在它被丟棄在這里之前就已經(jīng)被使用了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間了。it might be much older所以挖出來(lái)的物品可能比掩埋的土層時(shí)間更久遠(yuǎn)。Stratigraphy 只能告訴我們物品至少有多少年歷史，而不是它真正的年代。因此出現(xiàn)物品可能比掩埋的土層時(shí)間更久遠(yuǎn)時(shí)候就會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的信息。因此答案為B選項(xiàng)。

　　最后，從上面的題目分析的過(guò)程中，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，解題的關(guān)鍵就在but之后，因此我們可以知道轉(zhuǎn)折類(lèi)的信號(hào)詞在文章中所起的作用，轉(zhuǎn)折類(lèi)的信號(hào)詞既是提醒考生這是重點(diǎn)也是告訴考生這里要集中注意力進(jìn)行聽(tīng)。因此同學(xué)們最好能夠在記筆記的時(shí)候充分利用轉(zhuǎn)折列的信號(hào)詞，記錄關(guān)鍵信息進(jìn)行答題，提高正確率。

　　例2While a lack of detail suggests a primitive style. But trends in art in the last century or so cer tainly challenge that idea. Don’t get me wrong though, analyzing the styles of prehistoric art can help dating them. But we need to be careful with the idea that artistic development occurs in a straight line, from simple to complex representations.

　　本段的內(nèi)容主要說(shuō)的是對(duì)某一種史前藝術(shù)品的類(lèi)型或者發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)，我們可能有各種各樣的先入為主的成見(jiàn)。比如說(shuō)，很多人認(rèn)為精細(xì)的文物只可能是出自熟練的工匠之手，而粗糙、缺乏精細(xì)度的作品的時(shí)代則可能比較原始。But trends in art in the last century or so cer tainly challenge，從上個(gè)世紀(jì)甚至早些的藝術(shù)趨勢(shì)來(lái)看，這種觀(guān)念受到了挑戰(zhàn)。分析史前文物當(dāng)然可以幫助我們確定它的時(shí)代。But we need to be careful with the idea that artistic development occurs in a straight line,但是我們必須要摒除藝術(shù)品單線(xiàn)發(fā)展，即所有藝術(shù)品都是從原始到復(fù)雜，從粗糙到精細(xì)這樣的成見(jiàn)。

　　因此題目中說(shuō)到對(duì)于通過(guò)藝術(shù)風(fēng)格判斷藝術(shù)品的年代，教授是什么態(tài)度，文章中用兩個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折信號(hào)詞but表明作者對(duì)這種斷代方法感到疑惑。因此可以看出轉(zhuǎn)折類(lèi)的信號(hào)詞對(duì)于聽(tīng)力的答題和文章的理解來(lái)說(shuō)都有很大的作用。

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