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托福寫作中這些用詞要小心

2017-07-24

來(lái)源:互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

小編:環(huán)球教育整理 389
摘要:


  compare與contrast的誤用

  我們先從兩者的定義入手來(lái)看兩者的區(qū)別。 Compare的定義為:to examine people or things to see how theyare similar or different. Contrast的定義為:to comparetwo or more things to show the difference betweenthem.由定義不難看出前者側(cè)重于找到兩個(gè)或多個(gè)事物的異同,而后者則側(cè)重于它們的不同。

  看個(gè)例句:

  It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast theirsituations to ours.

  前一句翻譯為:對(duì)比一下我們的情況與他們的情況會(huì)很有趣。

  后一句的翻譯為:我們的情況與他們的情況有很大的不同,這很有趣。

  再看一個(gè)引自O(shè)XFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的例子:

  There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West.

  The company lost $7 million in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.

  When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.

  不難發(fā)現(xiàn),Compare翻譯為“與……相比”而contrast可譯為“明顯不同的是……”,切記這種翻譯方式就不會(huì)用錯(cuò)彼此了。

  其中最容易有問(wèn)題的便是介詞的使用了,下面來(lái)看看幾種情況:

  1.普通介詞的誤用

  一般表現(xiàn)為固定搭配錯(cuò)誤,如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成besatisfied for等等,雖然這樣的錯(cuò)誤看似無(wú)傷大雅,但在考官眼里就是影響順暢閱讀的,根據(jù)托福學(xué)寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)當(dāng)然會(huì)影響最終成績(jī)。解決的辦法簡(jiǎn)單而古老:把常見(jiàn)的固定搭配牢記于心,問(wèn)題自然就解決了。

  2.“to”作為介詞的誤用

  “to”最常見(jiàn)的用法是以動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)的形式出現(xiàn)的,所以同學(xué)們也已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了“to do”的固定搭配。對(duì)于一些如walk to me、to the left等介詞to表方向等常見(jiàn)用法一般也不會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。但是對(duì)于與動(dòng)詞搭配的介詞to就會(huì)經(jīng)常犯錯(cuò):

  如:

  More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them.

  這里的‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’其中‘to’為介詞,所以后面只能接名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞,如動(dòng)名詞。所以黑體處應(yīng)改為“depending on”?!皌ake to”的另一個(gè)常用用法也需要牢記:

  He hasn’t taken to his new school.(這里‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’)

  Prefer A to B中的“to”也是介詞,會(huì)有prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sthelse,“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符號(hào)。

  類似的常用用法請(qǐng)同學(xué)們牢記:

  Be used to doing

  Be accustomed to doing

  See to doing

  Adapt to doing

  Adjust to doing

  prefer doing sth. to doing sth.

  等等,托福寫作請(qǐng)注意平時(shí)仔細(xì)積累。

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