備考技巧

　　一.排除法

　　一般情況下，考生在解答托福閱讀題目時(shí)都是從正面直接選擇正確答案，但如果這種方法不奏效，我們還可以考慮使用排除法。排除法就是通過排除選項(xiàng)中的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)選出正確答案的方法，是一種非常實(shí)用的解題方法。對(duì)于那些在原文中沒有提到的選項(xiàng)、與原文信息不符或者相反的選項(xiàng)、雖在原文中出現(xiàn)但與題干無(wú)關(guān)的選項(xiàng)等等，都可以通過排除法進(jìn)行排除。下面我們通過TPO3- Architecture中的一道例題來(lái)看一下如何使用排除法進(jìn)行解題。

　　例1According to paragraph 6, which of the following statements is true of the arch?

　　A. The Romans were the first people to use the stone arch.

　　B. The invention of the arch allowed new architectural forms to be developed.

　　C. The arch worked by distributing the structural load of a building toward the center of the arch.

　　D. The Romans followed earlier practices in their use of arches.

　　根據(jù)本段中的第七句話“The arch was used by the early cultures of the Mediterranean area chiefly for underground drains, but it was the Romans who first developed and used the arch extensively in aboveground structures.”可知，拱形結(jié)構(gòu)最先被地中海地區(qū)的人而不是羅馬人運(yùn)用，羅馬人只是最早將其運(yùn)用在地面建筑上。A選項(xiàng)的說(shuō)法與原文信息不符，因此排除;根據(jù)本段倒數(shù)第二句話“It works in compression to dive rt the weight above it out to the sides, where the weight is borne by the ver tical elements on either side of the arch.”可知，拱形結(jié)構(gòu)使其上面的壓力轉(zhuǎn)移到兩側(cè)，由兩側(cè)垂直的部分來(lái)承擔(dān)壓力。C選項(xiàng)中所提到的拱形結(jié)構(gòu)的工作機(jī)理和原文所說(shuō)的恰恰相反，因此排除;根據(jù)本段中的倒數(shù)第四句話“Roman builders perfected the semicircular arch made of separate blocks of stone.”可知，羅馬人對(duì)拱形結(jié)構(gòu)做了改進(jìn)，而不能說(shuō)是“follow(沿襲)”，因此C選項(xiàng)說(shuō)法也是錯(cuò)誤的，排除;根據(jù)本段最后一句“The arch is among the many important structural breakthroughs that have characterized architecture throughout the centuries.”以及之前對(duì)于拱形結(jié)構(gòu)的鋪墊可知B選項(xiàng)是正確的。這樣，用排除法就得到了正確答案。

　　二.定位法

　　定位法就是根據(jù)題干或者選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞直接從原文中找到相應(yīng)的信息，然后進(jìn)行比較和分析，從而找出正確答案的方法。在將選項(xiàng)與原文進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，一定要注意那些同義轉(zhuǎn)換的說(shuō)法，大多數(shù)情況下，正確答案都是對(duì)原文信息的同義改寫。

　　例2In this paragraph, what does the author say about the presence of a blowhole in cetaceans?

　　A. It clearly indicates that cetaceans are mammals.

　　B. It cannot conceal the fact that cetaceans are mammals.

　　C. It is the main difference between cetaceans and land-dwelling mammals.

　　D. It cannot yield clues about the origins of cetaceans.

　　這道題我們首先根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“blowhole”定位到文章中的“Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals.”，通過閱讀這句話的后半部分我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，句中的“cannot disguise”和B選項(xiàng)中的“cannot yield”是對(duì)應(yīng)的，B選項(xiàng)完全是對(duì)這句話的同義改寫，因此，這道題的正確答案就是B選項(xiàng)。

　　以上就是托福閱讀攻克學(xué)術(shù)性詞匯技巧分享，托福閱讀的備考需要長(zhǎng)期的時(shí)間積累，各位考生還需多學(xué)多練已取得滿意的成績(jī)。

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