托福閱讀插入句子題怎么做？每篇閱讀文章的倒數(shù)第二題為插入句子題。此題給出一個(gè)額外的句子，并且在原文的幾個(gè)句子間給出四個(gè)方塊，每個(gè)方塊分別代表前后兩個(gè)句子之間的空位。我們需將這個(gè)句子放入其中的某一個(gè)位置，作為最佳答案。

　　這種題長這樣：

　　Paragraph 8: Much of the water in a sample of water-saturated sediment or rock will drain from it if the sample is put in a suitable dry place. █But some will remain, clinging to all solid surfaces. █It is held there by the force of surface tension without which water would drain instantly from any wet surface, leaving it totally dry. █The total volume of water in the saturated sample must therefore be thought of as consisting of water that can, and water that cannot, drain away. █

　　13. Look at the four squares █that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

　　What, then, determines what proportion of the water stays and what proportion drains away?

　　Where would the sentence best fit?

　　怎么做插入句子題？

　　題目給出的句子(后文直接稱之為“插入句”)能被放入其中一個(gè)位置的原因，就是這個(gè)句子與正確位置的前后文存在著某種語義上的聯(lián)系。在閱讀原文之前，若能根據(jù)一些信息詞找出這種聯(lián)系，并且推測(cè)前后文的信息，則我們?cè)谡掖鸢傅臅r(shí)候就會(huì)更準(zhǔn)確。

　　做插入句子題時(shí)的步驟應(yīng)該是醬紫的：

　　1)仔細(xì)閱讀插入句，準(zhǔn)確理解句意

　　2)根據(jù)句內(nèi)信息詞，推斷插入位置前或后可能出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容

　　3)尋找復(fù)合推測(cè)的位置

　　4)將句子放入，講插入句及前后兩句話連起來通讀一遍，檢驗(yàn)是否流暢邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、語意流暢

　　3. 信息詞是啥?如何根據(jù)這類詞推測(cè)?

　　插入句子題中出現(xiàn)的信息詞分兩類：1. 代詞;2. 邏輯詞

　　1)指代詞

　　這里的指代詞指的是：1. 代詞;2. 定冠詞the+名詞所組成詞。

　　代詞(Pronoun)是代替名詞或一句話的一種詞類。the+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，在文中有時(shí)會(huì)起指代前文的作用。大部分出現(xiàn)指代詞的插入句子題非常簡(jiǎn)單。

　　當(dāng)題目的句子中出現(xiàn)指代詞，插入位置前面必然會(huì)提到其指代的內(nèi)容。這個(gè)時(shí)候，若我們能根據(jù)代詞的種類、指代詞的詞義和插入句的句意推斷出指代的具體內(nèi)容，那么只需要將插入句放入出現(xiàn)該內(nèi)容的句子之后的位置，即可滿足指代關(guān)系，得到答案

　　# 情況1

　　如果四個(gè)位置中，只有一個(gè)位置前面出現(xiàn)句中指代詞的指代對(duì)象，則這個(gè)位置就是我們的正確答案。

　　例題如下：

　　At times, it is actually possible to watch the effects of natural selection in host-parasite relationships. For example, Australia during the 1940 s was overrun by hundreds of millions of European rabbits. █ The rabbits destroyed huge expanses of Australia and threatened the sheep and cattle industries. █ In 1950, myxoma virus, a parasite that affects rabbits, was deliberately introduced into Australia to control the rabbit population. █ Spread rapidly by mosquitoes, the virus devastated the rabbit population. █ The virus was less deadly to the offspring of surviving rabbits, however, and it caused less and less harm over the years. Apparently, genotypes (the genetic make-up of an organism) in the rabbit population were selected that were better able to resist the parasite. Meanwhile, the deadliest strains of the virus perished with their hosts as natural selection favored strains that could infect hosts but not kill them. Thus, natural selection stabilized this host-parasite relationship.

　　This massive population began a century earlier as a mere twelve pairs of imported rabbits that reproduced quickly and developed into a major problem.

　　句中出現(xiàn)代詞“this massive population”，這巨大的群體數(shù)量來自于“twelve pairs of imported rabbits”，則插入位置前面必然提到巨大的兔群數(shù)量。

　　只有第一個(gè)位置前面的句子提到“hundreds of millions of European rabbits”，可以構(gòu)成指代的對(duì)象。所以A就是妥妥的正確答案。

　　# 情況2(較少出現(xiàn))

　　如果四個(gè)位置中有多個(gè)位置的前面存在著“可能成為”指代詞的指代對(duì)象的信息，那么往往只有其中一個(gè)內(nèi)容能夠符合指代詞的“特性”。

　　例題如下：

　　While some European countries, such as England and Germany, began to industrialize in the eighteenth century, the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden developed later. █ All four of these countries lagged considerably behind in the early nineteenth century. █ However, they industrialized rapidly in the second half of the century, especially in the last two or three decades. █ In view of their later start and their lack of coal—undoubtedly the main reason they were not among the early industrializers—it is important to understand the sources of their success. █

　　During this period, Sweden had the highest rate of growth of output per capita of any country in Europe, and Denmark was second.

　　句中出現(xiàn)代詞“this period”，插入位置前面必然提到某一個(gè)時(shí)期。同時(shí)，我們還要注意，句子還提到，這個(gè)時(shí)期里Sweden和Denmark經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展特別好。

　　原文前三個(gè)位置之前的句子都提到了時(shí)期，分別是18世紀(jì)、19世紀(jì)上半葉和19世紀(jì)下半葉。然而前兩句話所說的時(shí)期中，Sweden和Denmark都是處在落后的位置。而第三句話however轉(zhuǎn)折之后的信息提到，19世紀(jì)下半葉，尤其是最后二三十年，它們(指的是Netherlands、Denmark、Norway和Sweden)發(fā)展特別快。也就是說，19世紀(jì)下半葉才是插入句中this period指代的內(nèi)容，前兩個(gè)時(shí)期都不能復(fù)合指代內(nèi)容的特性。所以C是正確答案。

　　# 情況3

　　有些插入句由于代詞性質(zhì)比較特殊，又或?qū)τ诖~的描述信息較少，故無法直接準(zhǔn)確的推測(cè)出代詞所指的內(nèi)容，只能得到一個(gè)大概的方向。此時(shí)需要結(jié)合原文句意，逐個(gè)位置確認(rèn)和排除。

　　例題如下：

　　The harsh conditions in deserts are intolerable for most plants and animals. Despite these conditions, however, many varieties of plants and animals have adapted to deserts in a number of ways. Most plant tissues die if their water content falls too low: the nutrients that feed plants are transmitted by water; water is a raw material in the vital process of photosynthesis; and water regulates the temperature of a plant by its ability to absorb heat and because water vapor lost to the atmosphere through the leaves helps to lower plant temperatures. █Water controls the volume of plant matter produced. █The distribution of plants within different areas of desert is also controlled by water. █Some areas, because of their soil texture, topographical position, or distance from rivers or groundwater, have virtually no water available to plants, whereas others do.█

　　For this reason, the total amount of plant material in a desert is often 100 times less than the amount of plant material in an equivalent area of temperate forest.

　　句中出現(xiàn)“for this reason”，前文所提到的信息導(dǎo)致“相同面積下，desert中的the total amount of plant material比temperate forest中的the total amount of plant material低100倍”。此時(shí)并不能直接得出this reason所指信息具體內(nèi)容，但可知，該reason為插入句的原因，正確位置必然能滿足這個(gè)因果關(guān)系。

　　找到1、2位置之間的句子“Water controls the volume of plant matter produced.”。其中the volume of plant matter和the total amount of plant material意思相同，其次由于water的控制作用，確實(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致兩個(gè)水量不同的地區(qū)(desert和forest)產(chǎn)生差別，前后邏輯非常嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，所以B是正確答案。

　　2)邏輯詞

　　邏輯詞僅僅是為了簡(jiǎn)(zhuang)潔(bi)而起的一個(gè)名字，指的是能夠表示句間邏輯關(guān)系的那些詞，如however、but、therefore、also、then等等。

　　出現(xiàn)這些邏輯詞的時(shí)候，代表著插入句的句意和其前句或后句在信息上存在著某種邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)找到的邏輯關(guān)系，結(jié)合插入句的句意，可以大致推測(cè)一下前文或后文的句意，以此作為尋找正確答案的指向性信息。

　　例題1

　　Less colorful birds and animals that inhabit the rain forest tend to rely on forms of signaling other than the visual, particularly over long distances. █ The piercing cries of the rhinoceros hornbill characterize the Southeast Asian rain forest, as do the unmistakable calls of the gibbons. █ In densely wooded environments, sound is the best means of communication over distance because in comparison with light, it travels with little impediment from trees and other vegetation. █ In forests, visual signals can be seen only at short distances, where they are not obstructed by trees. █ The male riflebird exploits both of these modes of signaling simultaneously in his courtship display. The sounds made as each wing is opened carry extremely well over distance and advertise his presence widely. The ritualized visual display communicates in close quarters when a female has approached.

　　There is also the long, rather terrifying call of the male orangutan, which carries over considerable distances to advertise his presence.

　　句中出現(xiàn)“also”，根據(jù)句意，可以推測(cè)正確位置之前至少會(huì)提到與動(dòng)物相關(guān)的某種特性，所以才會(huì)緊跟插入句所說的“also有雄性O(shè)動(dòng)物的call”。發(fā)現(xiàn)第二個(gè)位置前面提到rhinoceros hornbill的叫聲cries和gibbons的喊聲calls，那么把插入句放到第二個(gè)位置，起到了進(jìn)一步舉例說明的作用，滿足了also的關(guān)系，前后邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。

　　例題2

　　Paragraph 1: Of all the physiological differences in human sleep compared with wakefulness that have been discovered in the last decade, changes in respiratory control are most dramatic. Not only are there differences in the level of the functioning of respiratory systems, there are even changes in how they function. Movements of the rib cage for breathing are reduced during sleep, making the contractions of the diaphragm more important. █ Yet because of the physics of lying down, the stomach applies weight against the diaphragm and makes it more difficult for the diaphragm to do its job. █ However, there are many other changes that affect respiration when asleep.

　　Paragraph 2: █ During wakefulness, breathing is controlled by two interacting systems. █The first is an automatic, metabolic system whose control is centered in the brain stem. It subconsciously adjusts breathing rate and depth in order to regulate the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2), and the acid-base ratio in the blood. The second system is the voluntary, behavioral system. Its control center is based in the forebrain, and it regulates breathing for use in speech, singing, sighing, and so on. It is capable of ignoring or overriding the automatic, metabolic system and produces an irregular pattern of breathing.