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雅思寫作概述與評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2)

2005-05-10

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雅思寫作概述與評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(2)

來源:環(huán)球教育網(wǎng) www.ielts.com.cn 2005-5-10


    另外,還有的考生不但認(rèn)識題目中的每個(gè)單詞,而且也熟悉話題,但依然寫跑題,那很有可能是因?yàn)闆]有抓住寫作重點(diǎn)。事實(shí)上,絕大多數(shù)考生寫跑題都是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)因素。比如:There is an increasing number of juvenile delinquents. Analyze the possible causes of this phenomenon, and offer some recommendations. 許多考生都會注意到這道題考的是青少年犯罪話題,而且應(yīng)該分析原因并提出解決辦法。但是,如果原因只寫了一段而建議寫了數(shù)段的話,那么就是犯了忽略重點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤。因?yàn)椋绻麤]有把原因進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析而貿(mào)然提出建議的話,這種建議是缺乏依據(jù)的。正確的做法應(yīng)該是原因?qū)懚寥危Y(jié)果寫一段。其次,考生還應(yīng)注意到這道題考的不是泛泛的青少年犯罪的原因與解決方法,而是為什么現(xiàn)在青少年犯罪人數(shù)越來越多的原因和建議。由此看來,考生應(yīng)該仔細(xì)審題,防止產(chǎn)生理解上的偏差。 

  對于Evidence(論據(jù))來說,關(guān)鍵要合理,并且能夠證明論點(diǎn)。比如Wild animals have no place in the 21st century and trying to protect these animals is a waste of resources. Do you agree or disagree? 有同學(xué)這樣寫道:We can hardly imagine what our life will be like without wild animals. For example, if there is no cat, there will be more mice. The increase in the number of mice will result in the reduction of food resources and the spread of diseases. Thus, it is very important to protect animals. 這里,貓的論據(jù)是不合適的,因?yàn)樨埐粚儆趙ild animals(野生動(dòng)物)。再比如,The university should not provide so much theoretical knowledge but give students more practical training. Do you agree or disagree? 有同學(xué)在論證這道題的時(shí)候舉了趙括“紙上談兵”的例子,說趙括就是典型的有很多兵法等理論知識,但是由于缺乏帶兵打仗的實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn),導(dǎo)致秦趙長平之戰(zhàn)中趙兵大敗,自己也命喪沙場,這充分說明了只有理論知識沒有實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)的惡果,所以應(yīng)該重視實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)。但這個(gè)論據(jù)也是不得體的,因?yàn)轭}目涉及的是大學(xué)應(yīng)該怎么做,而趙括明顯沒有上過大學(xué)。事實(shí)上,古代的例子通常不適宜在雅思作文中出現(xiàn),即便出現(xiàn)了,許多情況下只是作為反面例子與現(xiàn)今狀況形成對比。 

  好的Arguments(論證)應(yīng)該是充分并且有力的。這就需要運(yùn)用多種論證手法。常用的論證手法有:explanation(解釋說明),emphasis(強(qiáng)調(diào)論證),exemplification(舉例說明),cause and effect(因果論證),comparison and contrast(比較與對比)facts and statistics(事實(shí)和統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)),concession and refutation(讓步與反駁),classification(分類),definition(下定義),analogy(比喻)等。論證手法的運(yùn)用還應(yīng)該和關(guān)聯(lián)詞結(jié)合起來。 

  Communicative Quality(交流質(zhì)量)大體上與Task 1的Coherence and Cohesion相同,也涉及文章中代詞,關(guān)聯(lián)詞,同義反義詞等的運(yùn)用。常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:對比however, although, but, nevertheless;結(jié)果as a result, as a consequence, therefore, because of this, otherwise;附加in addition, additionally, and, as well as, furthermore, also, moreover;舉例for example, for instance, such as, including;強(qiáng)調(diào)in fact, indeed;時(shí)間after, following, before, until, during, between, while等。 

  議論文在Vocabulary and Sentence Structure方面與Task 1的要求相同。

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