雅思寫(xiě)作方法論--TASK1寫(xiě)法
2005-1-21 環(huán)球教育論壇

了解須回答的內(nèi)容和模式 
    寫(xiě)作測(cè)驗(yàn)的第一部份是測(cè)試您解釋和表達(dá)一些圖表上的資料。您必須用自己的文字寫(xiě)一篇完整的文章表達(dá)。您最少要寫(xiě)150字。您不用給任何意見(jiàn)做任何假設(shè)或做結(jié)論。 
題目提供給您的資料會(huì)用以下其中一種方式出現(xiàn)：

    一幅圖畫(huà)（a graph）
    圓圖或柱圖（pie chart or bar chart）
    圖表內(nèi)有一些資料（Table of information）
    一程序或步驟圖（Diagram of stages of processor procedure）
    一連串事情的經(jīng)過(guò)（Sequence of events）
    說(shuō)明書(shū)（表）（picture of an object showing how it works） 
    在正式回答之前，用一兩分鐘弄清楚現(xiàn)有的資料和題目的要求。 
設(shè)計(jì)段落 
    您只有20分鐘時(shí)間完成第一部份，您絕對(duì)沒(méi)有時(shí)間詳細(xì)安排。你首先需認(rèn)清圖表的總義，然后決定應(yīng)如何分段。記著您并不需要另分一段寫(xiě)結(jié)論(Conclusion)。您的段落數(shù)目應(yīng)在3至5段之間為適宜。 
    怎樣寫(xiě) Reference 
    以下是用“Reference”的一些格式。這些句子會(huì)幫助讓讀者了解資料是出自何處。 
　　 The table/chart diagram graph shows (that)... 
　 　According to the
　　 As (is) shown in the 
　　 As can be seen from the
　　 ... figures statistics shows (that)...
　　 It can be seen from the 
　　 We can see from the
　　 It is clear from the
　　 It is apparent from the table/chart diagram graph figures (that) ... diagram shows describes illustrates how... 記著不要用這類(lèi)句子太頻引至不必要的重覆。 
     寫(xiě)一個(gè)好的介紹文 
     讀者看您的文章時(shí)是不會(huì)看那些圖表的，因此您的文章必須令人明白圖表所表達(dá)的資料。文章的第一句的用處是作為一個(gè)介紹（Introduction），因此這一句必須寫(xiě)得清楚，您可參考寫(xiě)作測(cè)驗(yàn)的參考文章。這一句必須要概括而客觀。 
     怎樣表達(dá)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù) 
     如您需寫(xiě)的文章是關(guān)于圖表，您應(yīng)注意資料是固定在某一個(gè)時(shí)間（fixed in time）還是在連串的時(shí)間中轉(zhuǎn)變（changes over time）。如資料是一直轉(zhuǎn)變的，您應(yīng)用適當(dāng)?shù)奈淖趾途渥用枋?。資料轉(zhuǎn)變可以是增加（Increase），減少（Decrease），波動(dòng)（Fluctuate）或穩(wěn)定（Remain Stable）。一般有兩種文法可以表達(dá)： 
     動(dòng)詞 + 副詞形式（Verb+Adverb form）
     形容詞 + 名詞形式（Adjective+Noun form）
　　 The number of (cars) 
　　 VERB + ADVERB FORM increased jumped rose significantly decreased dropped fell fluctuated slightly suddenly rapidly dramatically sharply steeply steadily gradually slowly from (June) to (December). between (June) and (December). There was a (very) 
　　ADJECTIVE + NOUN FORM sudden rapid dramatic significant sharp steep steady gradual slow slight increase jump rise decrease drop fall fluctuation 
　　 in the number of (cars) from ... to ... in the number of (cars) between ... and ... 　
     并不是每個(gè)詞都能配合，例如sharp fluctuation.

以下的句法是用于描述穩(wěn)定資料 
　　The number of (cars sold) remained 
　　steady stable from (June) to (December).
　　between (June) to (December). stayed the same
　　There was little hardly any no change
　　in the number of (cars sold) from ... to ... between ... and ... 
資料的不同狀態(tài)有不同的用字，以下是一些例子：　　 Steady drop 
　　 sharp rise peak 
　　 dramatic fall
　　 sharp drop through 
　　 (to) bottom out 
　　 (to) reach the bottom gradual increase 
　　 (to) reach a plateau
　?。╰o) remain steady 
    以下是如何描述最高點(diǎn)或最低點(diǎn)的參考句子：　　The monthly profit The figures The situation peaked 　 in December. at 20% 
　   reached a peak a high (point) bottomed out reached rock the bottom a low (point) hit a trough 用動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，要小心注意時(shí)式（tense）和語(yǔ)態(tài)（Voice）是否恰當(dāng)，如果是要描述事件過(guò)程或步驟，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在式（present tense）和被動(dòng)詞（passive voice）來(lái)描述每個(gè)過(guò)程或步驟。 您也可用動(dòng)名詞（Gerund）和不定詞（Infinitive）來(lái)加強(qiáng)句子的完整性。例句： 
The second stage involves conducting suitable research. 
Notes are taken from available literature at the library. 
Writing the first draft is the third stage. 
    寫(xiě)好結(jié)論 
    Writing Task 1 并不同Writing Task 2，您并不需要分段寫(xiě)結(jié)論（Conclusion），因?yàn)槟⒉恍枰l(fā)表任何個(gè)人意見(jiàn)。通常Writing Task 1 文章的最后一句會(huì)被視為結(jié)論句。 
    參考以下一篇實(shí)例并注意要點(diǎn)： 
    Dear Sir(1), (2)I am writing to you because I am unable to pay next month's rent which is due on Saturday. Unfortunately, the other day I lost my wallet, and there was a large amount of money inside. I have, (3)therefore, had to write to my parents to ask them to send me some money urgently. As soon as it arrives, I will immediately notify you and arrange to pay by cash or cheque. I hope that this does not cause you too much inconvenience. There are also some problems with the flat that I wish to bring to your attention. (4)First, the cold tap in the bathroom will not turn off properly, and the water is dripping constantly. This will need to be fixed quickly because it is wasting water. Second, one of the back rings on the top of the oven does not work at all. I'm sorry that I cannot pay the rent on time, and trust that you will understand. (5)Yours sincerely, Mary Campisi 
1、標(biāo)題不能寫(xiě)錯(cuò)。如您不知對(duì)方的性別，您應(yīng)該用“Sir/Madam”； 2、每段應(yīng)有不同但清楚的要點(diǎn)。您可用以下句子作為文章開(kāi)始： “I am writing to you because ...”“I am writing to you in reference to ...”； 3、用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞如“Therefore”，“However”和“Also”； 4、您也可用順序詞如“First”“Second”等； 5、在商業(yè)信件時(shí)用“Your Sincerely”來(lái)完結(jié)而在私人信件時(shí)用“Best wishes”； 6、開(kāi)始時(shí)應(yīng)先交待寫(xiě)信的原因。如需要寫(xiě)的是正式信件，千萬(wàn)不要用“How are you?”等句作開(kāi)頭； 7、證明出您已做的事和想做的事； 8、如您的要求會(huì)令人不便，您可用“I hope”； 9、您必須寫(xiě)齊所有問(wèn)題要求，您所寫(xiě)的要點(diǎn)，否則您的分?jǐn)?shù)一定不會(huì)高； 10、您最后一句或最后一段通常是用來(lái)重申寫(xiě)信的目的。