2、形容詞性從句=定語(yǔ)從句

　　引導(dǎo)詞

　　(1) that / which / who(whom)(代詞性)

　　(2) whose / when / where(非代詞性)

　　結(jié)構(gòu)

　　that / which / who(whom)=S+VO=a.

　　This is pig that / which is very fat.

　　(1) that / which / who(whom)=O+SV=a.

　　因?yàn)榇~性的引導(dǎo)詞可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)

　　This is the pig that/which I ate.(作賓語(yǔ)可省略引)

　　This is the pig from which I make fun.

　　引導(dǎo)詞前的介詞取決于后面的動(dòng)詞

　　this is the pig,which is very fast

　　this is the pig, (which)I ate.

　　This is the pig, from which I make fun.

　　(2) whose / when / where(非代詞性)+SVO=a.

　　The book, whose cover is red, is quite interesting.

　　This is the place where(=in which 定語(yǔ)從句) I grew up. When 用在后面也可能是狀從,也有可能是定從。

　　※具體分析舉例

　　In his hypothesis that he developed based on it……

　　看上去該句的based 是一個(gè)n-ed的形式，但是她又是修飾誰(shuí)呢?In his hypothesis() he developedthat based on it….

　　因此可以看出，based 修飾that，而在此句中，that指代 hypothesis.

　　※形容詞性從句的省略

　　當(dāng)that / which在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可將其省略。

　　This is the pig that/which I ate.

　　This is the pig I ate.

　　當(dāng)that / which在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，且從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可將其同時(shí)省略。

　　The house, which was built in 1919,was destroyed.

　　The house, built in 1919,was destroyed.

　　※個(gè)別情況下，which / as在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，也指代前面整個(gè)一句話。

　　As the plates drifted, they may have diverged, which(指代前面一句話) was associated withthe spread of the seafloor, or they may have converged, which(指代前面一句話) resulted incollision, subduction, and mountain building.

　　※系表倒裝

　　主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 變成 表系主 結(jié)構(gòu)成為系表倒裝只限于介詞詞組在句首時(shí)

　　1、My hometown lies in Jilin province.

　　In Jilin province lies my hometown.

　　2、A,B,C….are among the species of seabirds.

　　Among the species of seabird are A,B,C….

　　3、副詞性從句 = 狀語(yǔ)從句

　　引導(dǎo)詞 when / though / while / although……

　　結(jié)構(gòu) when+s’+v’+adj/v-ing/v-ed,SVO.

　　When he was young, Jack was always beaten by his father.

　　省略的條件 s’=S v’=be

　　省略 When young, Jack was always beaten by his father.

　　省略 Other(聯(lián)系同一類的名詞，也就是說(shuō)前面提到了chemical defenses) possible chemical defenses, while (they are 省略) not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of a parasitic relationship. For example, glycol proteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes the degrade cell walls.

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