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托福備考

托福寫作常見的低級錯誤

2016-03-28

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小編: 312
摘要:要寫出優(yōu)秀的句子首先要先做到避免語法和用句的錯誤,下面我們來分析下托福寫作中常見的低級錯誤。

  要寫出優(yōu)秀的句子首先要先做到避免語法和用句的錯誤,下面我們來分析下托福寫作中常見的低級錯誤。

  1.句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)

  在口語中,交際雙方可借助手勢語氣上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解??墒怯迷谕懈懽髦械臅嬲Z就不同了,句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會令意思表達不清,這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫完以后,筆者又想加些補充說明時發(fā)生。

  例1. There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on 。

  剖析:本句后半部分“for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on ?!辈皇且粋€完整的句子,僅為一些不連貫的詞語,不能獨立成句。

  改為:There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper。

  2.詞性誤用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)

  “詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為:介詞當動詞用;形容詞當副詞用;名詞當動詞用等。

  例1. None can negative the importance of money。

  剖析:negative 系形容詞,誤作動詞。

  改為:

  None can deny the importance of money。

  3.指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)

  指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關系不清,或者先后所用的代詞不一致。試看下面這一句:

  Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid。

  (瑪麗和我姐姐很要好,因為她要她做她的伴娘。)讀完上面這一句話,讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰將結(jié)婚,誰將當伴娘。如果我們在托福寫作中把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對象加以明確,意思就一目了然了。這個句子可改為:

  Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid。

  例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself。

  剖析:句中人稱代詞we和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。

  改為:

  We can also know society by serving it ourselves。

  4.不間斷句子(Run-on Sentences)

  例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world。

  剖析:這個句子包含了兩層完整的意思:“There are many ways?!?以及“We get to know the outside world。”。簡單地把它們連在一起就不妥當了。

  改為:

  There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或:

  There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world。

  5.累贅(Redundancy)

  寫句子沒有一個多余的詞;寫段落沒有一個無必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組;能用詞組的不用從句或句子。如:

  In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him。

  本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同謂語從句,我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”

  可以改為:In spite of his laziness, I like him。

  例1. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need。

  剖析:整個句子可以大大簡化。

  改為:

  Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need。

  6.不連貫(Incoherence)

  不連貫是指一個句子前言不對后語,或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通。這也是考生常犯的毛病。

  例1. The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth。

  剖析:The fresh water 與逗號后的it 不連貫。It 與things 在數(shù)方面不一致。

  改為:

  Fresh water is the most important thing in the world。

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