雅思作文Task1寫作常識



  來源：環(huán)球教育網(wǎng)    www.ielts.com  2005-4-14  

一、圖形種類及概述法： 
泛指一份數(shù)據(jù)圖表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table 
餅圖：pie chart 
直方圖或柱形圖：bar chart / histogram 
趨勢曲線圖：line chart / curve diagram 
表格圖：table 
流程圖或過程圖：flow chart / sequence diagram 
程序圖：processing/procedures diagram 
以下是一些較常用的描述用法 
The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that) 
According to the table/chart diagram/graph 
As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph 
As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures, 
figures/statistics shows (that)... 
It can be seen from the figures/statistics 
We can see from the figures/statistics 
It is clear from the figures/statistics 
It is apparent from the figures/statistics 
table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) ... 
table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how 
...... 
閱卷考官經(jīng)常是不會看那些圖表的，因此文章必須邏輯清晰，如果描述得能令人在腦海里勾畫出那個data chart，這篇task1無疑會達到8分的水平。開篇的第一句話可以是一句高度概括性的introduction（當(dāng)然開門見山直接描述也是一種寫法）；這樣做不僅使文章更趨于完美，而且可以達到湊字數(shù)的目的（但不要照抄題目，除非時間相當(dāng)緊迫）。接下來另起一段開始進行描述（根據(jù)實際情況1-2段），這當(dāng)中經(jīng)常要連續(xù)使用非限定性定于從句，從而使得描述過程流暢、清晰。最后也可再另起一段進行簡短的綜述（并非必須）。上述的任何一個步驟都要遵循依據(jù)現(xiàn)有data進行客觀描述的原則，任何推測性或議論性的內(nèi)容寫得再多、再精彩不僅不會加分，而且還會成為扣分的因素。 
二、data的具體表達法 
data在某一個時間段固定不變：fixed in time 
在一系列的時間段中轉(zhuǎn)變：changes over time 
持續(xù)變化的data在不同情況下: 
增加：increase / raise / rise / go up ... 
減少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall ... 
波動：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ... 
穩(wěn)定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ... 
最常用的兩種表達法： 
動詞 + 副詞形式（Verb+Adverb form） 
形容詞 + 名詞形式（Adjective+Noun form） 
　　 
1. Verb+Adverb form 
The number of XXX 
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate... 
+insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly... 
+from (第一時間) to (第二時間) / between (第一時間) and (第二時間) 

2. Adjective+Noun form 
There was a (very) sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight 
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation （注意：上述很多詞不可用于修飾fluctuation） 
+in the number of XXX from (第一時間) to (第二時間) / between (第一時間) and (第二時間) 


描述穩(wěn)定的data： 
The number of XXX remained steady/stable from (第一時間) to (第二時間) / between (第一時間) and (第二時間) 
The number of XXX stayed the same from (第一時間) to (第二時間) / between (第一時間) and (第二時間) 
There was little change / hardly any change / no change in the number of XXX from from (第一時間) to (第二時間) / between (第一時間) and (第二時間) 

描述不同狀態(tài)的data 
Noun form: 
steady drop / sharp rise peak / dramatic fall / sharp drop 
Verbal form: 
(to) bottom out / (to) reach the bottom / (to) increase gradually / (to) reach a plateau / (to) remain steady 

描述the highest point以及the lowest point 
高點極值： 
The monthly profit / The figures / The situation ... 
+peaked in (月份/年) <準(zhǔn)確時間點用at XXX> at XXX% / XXX(極點data) 
或者reached a peak / a high point at XXX% / XXX(極點data) 
低點極值： 
XXX bottomed out / reached 
+rock / the bottom / a low point 
或者hit a trough 

此外，在描述過程中還有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下： 
并列： as well as(句首/中), also, as well(句尾), either, neither, too, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, besides, what's more, apart from ... 
舉例： for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, in particular, particularly, especially 
事實： as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, as long as, so long as ... 
雷同/近似：similarly, likewise(句首/尾), at the same time, equally ... 
轉(zhuǎn)折： however, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, even though, while, yet, on the contrary, contrarily, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand, unlikely, in stead (of), in spite of, despite of ... 

原因與結(jié)果 
1. cause-suggestion (幾乎不常用) 
since / now that ...; I hope that... 
because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + (doing) sth, I hope that... 
2. cause-effect (較常用) 
XXX lead to / bring about / result in/ account for ... 
(一個句子), therefore / thus / hence / as a result / consequently / (and) so ... 
3. effect-cause (較常用) 
XXX be caused by / result from / be the result of / be the effect of / be the consequence of ... 
(一個句子), because ... 
it is adj. that ... 
it is unimaginable that ... 
it is undeniable that ... 
it is interesting to discover that ... 

三、其它相關(guān)常用詞（組） 

1. 主章開頭 
圖表類型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph 
描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent 
內(nèi)容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion 
2. 表示數(shù)據(jù) 
一般：have 10%; at 10%; over 10% 
最高（低）點：peaked; reached a peak / high point 
bottomed out; reached the bottom 
變化：recover 略有回升； increase; jump; rise/rose; climb 
decrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reduce 
fluctuate 浮動，搖擺不定 
remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change 
變化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的 
rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飛快的，險峻的 
dramatic/dramatically 戲劇性的，生動的 
significant/significantly 有意義的，重大的，重要的 
sharp/sharply 銳利的，明顯的，急劇的 
steep/steeply 急劇升降的 
steady/steadily 穩(wěn)固的，堅定不移的 
gradual/gradually 漸進的，逐漸的 
slow/slowly 緩慢的，不活躍的 
slight/slightly輕微的、略微地 
stable/stably 穩(wěn)定的 
表示范圍：from XXX to XXX; between XXX and XXX; for XXX to XXX多長時間直到 
表示程度：almost adv. 幾乎，差不多 
nearly adv. 幾乎，密切地 
approximately adv. 近似的，大約 
about adv. 附近， 大約，轉(zhuǎn)向，左右，周圍 
just over 剛超過 
over adv. 結(jié)束，越過，從頭到尾 
exactly adv. 正確地，嚴(yán)密地 
precisely adv. 正好 精確地；清晰地 
比例：20 per cent 20% 
one in three 1/3 
one out of every four 1/4 
3. 其它在描述中的常用到的詞 
significant changes 圖中一些較大變化 
noticeable trend 明顯趨勢 
during the same period 在同一時期 
grow/grew 增長 
distribute 分布，區(qū)別 
unequally 不相等地 
pronounced 明顯的 
average 平均 
no doubt 無疑地 
corresponding adj. 相應(yīng)的，通訊的 
represent vt. 闡述，表現(xiàn) 
overall 總體上講 
except 除外 
in the case of adv. 在...的情況下 
in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在...方面 
in contrast 相反，大不相同 
in conclusion adv. 最后，總之 
in comparison 相比之下 
inversely adv. 相反地，倒轉(zhuǎn)地 
in general 通常，大體上，一般而言 
range from 
excessive adj. 過多的，過分的，額外 
lower v.降低，跌落 
elapse vi.（時間）過去，消逝 
category n.種類 
government policy 政府政策 
market forces 市場規(guī)率 
measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，調(diào)節(jié) 
forecast n. 先見，預(yù)見 v. 預(yù)測