套路作文for part1 基本作文格式

  來(lái)源：環(huán)球教育網(wǎng) www.ielts.com.cn 2005-7-23

    一、圖形種類及概述法： 
    數(shù)據(jù)圖表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table 餅圖：pie chart 表格圖：table直方圖或柱形圖：bar chart / histogram 趨勢(shì)曲線圖：line chart / curve diagram 
流程圖或過程圖：flow chart / sequence diagram 程序圖：processing/procedures diagram
圓柱圖：column chart 
    描述：    show/describe/illustrate/apparent/reveal/represent/demonstrate/indicate/depict
    以下是一些較常用的描述用法 
    The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that) 
    According to the table/chart diagram/graph 
    As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph 
    As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures, 
    figures/statistics shows (that)... 
    It can be seen from the figures/statistics 
    We can see from the figures/statistics 
    It is clear from the figures/statistics 
    It is apparent from the figures/statistics 
    table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) ... 
    二、data的具體表達(dá)法 
    增加：increase / raise / rise / go up / grow/ jump/ ascend 
    減少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall/decline/reduce/ descend 
    波動(dòng)：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ... 
    穩(wěn)定：remain stable(steady) / stabilize / level off ... 
    最常用的兩種表達(dá)法： 
    1. Verb+Adverb form 
    The number of XXX 
    +increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate... 
+insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly... 
+from (第一時(shí)間) to (第二時(shí)間) / between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間) 
    2. Adjective+Noun form 
    There was a (very)         sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight 
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation （注意：上述很多詞不可用于修飾fluctuation） 
    +in the number of XXX from (第一時(shí)間) to (第二時(shí)間) / between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間) 
    描述穩(wěn)定的data： 
    The number of XXX remained steady/stable from (第一時(shí)間) to (第二時(shí)間) / between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間) 
    The number of XXX stayed the same from (第一時(shí)間) to (第二時(shí)間) / between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間) 
    There was little change / hardly any change / no change in the number of XXX from from (第一時(shí)間) to (第二時(shí)間) / between (第一時(shí)間) and (第二時(shí)間) 
    描述不同狀態(tài)的data 
    Noun form: 
    steady drop / sharp rise peak / dramatic fall / sharp drop 
    Verbal form: 
    (to) bottom out / (to) reach the bottom / (to) increase gradually / (to) reach a plateau / (to) remain steady 
    描述the highest point以及the lowest point 
    高點(diǎn)極值： 
    The monthly profit / The figures / The situation ... 
    +peaked in (月份/年) <準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at XXX> at XXX% / XXX(極點(diǎn)data) 
    或者reached a peak / a high point at XXX% / XXX(極點(diǎn)data) 
    低點(diǎn)極值： 
    XXX bottomed out / reached 
    +rock / the bottom / a low point 
    或者h(yuǎn)it a trough 
    此外，在描述過程中還有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下： 
    并列： as well as(句首/中), also, as well(句尾), either, neither, too, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, besides, what's more, apart from ... 
舉例： for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, in particular, particularly, especially 
    事實(shí)： as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, as long as, so long as ... 
雷同/近似：similarly, likewise(句首/尾), at the same time, equally ... 
    轉(zhuǎn)折： however, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, even though, while, yet, on the contrary, contrarily, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand, unlikely, in stead (of), in s123e of, des123e of ... 
    原因與結(jié)果 
    1. cause-suggestion (幾乎不常用) 
since / now that ...; I hope that... 
because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + (doing) sth, I hope that... 
    2. cause-effect (較常用) 
    XXX lead to / bring about / result in/ account for ... 
(一個(gè)句子), therefore / thus / hence / as a result / consequently / (and) so ... 
    3. effect-cause (較常用) 
    XXX be caused by / result from / be the result of / be the effect of / be the consequence of ... 
    (一個(gè)句子), because ... 
    it is adj. that ... 
    it is unimaginable that ... 
    it is undeniable that ... 
    it is interesting to discover that ... 
    變化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的 rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飛快的，險(xiǎn)峻的 
    dramatic/dramatically 戲劇性的，生動(dòng)的 significant/significantly 有意義的，重大的，重要的 
    sharp/sharply 銳利的，明顯的，急劇的 steep/steeply 急劇升降的 
    steady/steadily 穩(wěn)固的，堅(jiān)定不移的 gradual/gradually 漸進(jìn)的，逐漸的 
    slow/slowly 緩慢的，不活躍的 slight/slightly輕微的、略微地 
    stable/stably 穩(wěn)定的 
    其它在描述中的常用到的詞 
    significant changes 圖中一些較大變化 noticeable trend 明顯趨勢(shì) 
    during the same period 在同一時(shí)期 distr123te 分布，區(qū)別 
    unequally 不相等地 pronounced 明顯的 
    average 平均 no doubt 無(wú)疑地 
    corresponding adj. 相應(yīng)的，通訊的 represent vt. 闡述，表現(xiàn) 
    overall 總體上講 in the case of adv. 在...的情況下 
    in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在...方面 
    三、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化結(jié)構(gòu)：(此部分僅供參考。) 
    Para 1, 兩句話：第一句：This is a _____chart, which demonstrates the number of_____ from ____ to ____. 如果兩個(gè)圖，則：There are two charts below. The _____ chart describes the number of _____, and the _____ chart illustrates the figure of ____. 第二句：（所有題目適用），F(xiàn)rom the chart we can see that the number of ______ varies constantly/greatly in _____. 
    Para 2, As we can see from the chart,/or It is clear from the chart that ____.
如果有兩個(gè)圖：則：The _____ chart shows that ______./or As we can see from the first chart, _______ 
    Para 3, (如果兩個(gè)圖的話，) It is clear from the second chart that … 
    Para 4 結(jié)尾：From the figures/statistics above, we can see/conclude/draw a conclusion that … 
    流程圖常用詞句總結(jié) 
    1.描述過程，流程常用句子 
    the following diagraph shows the structure of…… 
    the picture illustrates…… 
    it mainly consists of…… 
    it works as follows. 
    it always involves following steps. 
    the whole procedure can be divided into…stages. 
    2.描述流程，過程的常用過渡性詞語(yǔ) 
    firstly 
    secondly 
    thirdly/finally 
    the first step is to 
    the next step is to 
    the last step is to 
    the first stage involves 
    in the next stage 
    in the following stage 
    in the last stage 
    first of all 
    to begin with 
    next 
    then 
    later 
    at the same time 
    simultaneously 
    subsequently 
    consequently 
    before this 
    during 
    after this 
    in the course of 
    in order to/in order not to 
    in order that 
    so as to/so as not to 
    描述流程的文章，應(yīng)說明： 
    1． 首先說明是做什么工作的過程，目的是什么 
    2． 準(zhǔn)備工作 
    3． 按時(shí)間/過程先后描述 
    4． 結(jié)果 
    5． 簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)（可有可無(wú)） 
    描述一個(gè)實(shí)物/器具的工作過程，文章應(yīng)分以下幾點(diǎn)： 
    1． 實(shí)物是什么，做什么用的 
    2． 基本結(jié)構(gòu) 
    3． 工作過程 
    4． 簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)