漢英口譯分類詞匯（03）--改革開放詞匯

保險業(yè) The insurance industry 
保證重點支出 Ensure funding for priority areas 
被兼并或擠掉 annexed or forced out of business 

補發(fā)拖欠的養(yǎng)老金 Clear up pension payments in arrears 
不良貸款 Non―performing loan 
層層轉包和違法分保 Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 
產(chǎn)值 output value 
城鄉(xiāng)信用社 Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas 
城鎮(zhèn)居民最低生活保障 A minimum standard of living for city residents 
城鎮(zhèn)職工醫(yī)療保險制度 The system of medical insurance for urban workers 
抽樣調(diào)查 data from the sample survey 
出口信貸 Export credit 
初步建立社會主義計劃商品經(jīng)濟新體制。 to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy. 
貸款質量 Loan quality 
貸款質量五級分類辦法 The five-category assets classification for bank loans 
第二產(chǎn)業(yè) secondary industry 
第三產(chǎn)業(yè) tertiary industry 
第一產(chǎn)業(yè) primary industry 
獨資企業(yè) wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise
發(fā)電量 electric energy production 
發(fā)揮市場的調(diào)節(jié)作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market 
發(fā)展過快 excessive growth 
防范和化解金融風險 Take precautions against and reduce financial risks 
防洪工程 Flood-prevention project 
非法外匯交易 Illegal foreign exchange transaction 
非公有成分 non-public sectors 
非貿(mào)易收匯 Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels 
非銀行金融機構 Non-bank financial institutions 
費改稅 Transform administrative fees into taxes 
分配形式 forms of distribution
風險資金 risk funds 
副業(yè) sideline production 
改革是\"社會主義制度的自我完善和自我發(fā)展\"。 Reform is \"the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system.\" 
改革重點轉移到城市 the focus of reform is shifted to the cities 
改善經(jīng)濟環(huán)境 improve economic environment 
搞活企業(yè) invigorate/ revitalize/ rejuvenate enterprises 
各盡所能，按勞/需分配。 from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs. 
跟蹤審計 Follow-up auditing 
工程監(jiān)理制度 The monitoring system for projects 
公有制 public ownership 
鼓勵 give incentive to 
管理不善 poor management 
國際收支 international balance of payments 
國家保障國有經(jīng)濟的鞏固和發(fā)展。 The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy. 
國家的根本任務是，集中力量進行社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設 The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization. 
國民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP (Gross National Product) 
國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
國有經(jīng)濟，即社會主義全民所有制經(jīng)濟，是國民經(jīng)濟中的主導力量。 The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy. 
國有資產(chǎn)安全 The safety of state-owned assets 
過度開墾 Excess reclamation 
合同管理制度 The contract system for governing projects 
合資企業(yè) joint venture 
合作企業(yè) cooperative enterprise 
和平演變 peaceful evolution 
宏觀控制 exercise macro-control 
機電產(chǎn)品 Electromechanical products 
積極的財政政策 Pro-active fiscal policy 
基本生活費 Basic allowances 
基石 cornerstone 
計劃經(jīng)濟和市場調(diào)節(jié)相結合的機制 a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation 
家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)責任承包制 family-contract responsibility system 
結售匯制度 The system of exchange settlement and sales 
解除勞動關系 Sever labor relations 
解放生產(chǎn)力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces 
金融監(jiān)管責任制 The responsibility system for financial supervision 
經(jīng)濟安全 Economic security 
經(jīng)濟和法律的杠桿 economic and legal leverages 
經(jīng)濟計劃和市場調(diào)節(jié)相結合 to combine economic planning with market regulation 
經(jīng)濟結構改革。 reform in economic structure 
經(jīng)營機制 operative mechanism 
精華、精粹、實質 quintessence 
舉措 move 
靠擴大財政赤字搞建設 To increase the deficit to spend more on development 
扣除物價上漲部分 price increase are deducted (excluded) 
擴大國內(nèi)需求 The expansion of domestic demand 
拉動經(jīng)濟增長 Fuel economic growth 
厲行節(jié)約，反對浪費 to practice strict economy and combat waste 
糧食倉庫 Grain depot 
糧食收儲企業(yè) Grain Collection and storage enterprise 
糧食收購資金實行封閉運行 Closed operation of grain purchase funds 
糧食銷售市場 Grain sales market 
劣質工程 Shoddy engineering 
林業(yè) forestry 
零售 retail 
流通制度 circulation system 
亂收費、亂攤派、亂罰款 Arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines 
農(nóng)業(yè) farming 
騙匯、逃匯、套匯 Obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage 
取消國家對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的統(tǒng)購統(tǒng)銷 to cancel the state\'\'s monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products 
全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people 
全體會議 plenary session 
人均國民生產(chǎn)總值 per capita GNP 
人均收入 per capita income 
融資渠道 Financing channels 
善于接受的 receptive 
商品經(jīng)濟 commodity economy 
商業(yè)信貸原則 The principles for commercial credit 
社會保險機構 Social security institution 
社會主義的最終目標是解放生產(chǎn)力，消滅剝削，消除貧富兩極分化，最終達到共同富裕。 The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity. 
社會主義集體所有制 socialist collective ownership 
社會主義經(jīng)濟制度的基礎是生產(chǎn)資料的社會主義公有制，即全民所有制和勞動群眾集體所有制。 The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people. 
生產(chǎn)關系 relations of production 
生產(chǎn)力 productive forces 
生產(chǎn)資料 means of production 
生活資料 means of livelihood/subsistence 
剩余勞動力。 surplus labor 
失業(yè)保險金 Unemployment insurance benefits 
實際增長率 actual growth rate 
實事求是 seek truth from facts 
實在的 tangible 
使負擔 be saddled with 
試一下 have a go (at sth.) 
輸入活力 bring vigor into 
私有制 private ownership 
隨著改革的深化，國家指令性計劃的范圍將會縮小，而市場調(diào)節(jié)的范圍將會擴大。 As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged. 
偷稅、騙稅、逃稅、抗稅 Tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal pay taxes 
投入 input 
外匯收支 Foreign exchange revenue and spending
外資企業(yè) foreign-funded enterprise 
我們辨別的標準是看這樣做是否有利于發(fā)展社會主義的生產(chǎn)力，是否有利于增強社會主義國家的綜合國力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。 The criterion for our judgment is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards. 
畜牧業(yè) animal husbandry 
要人們警惕右和\"左\"的影響，特別是\"左\"的根深蒂固的影響。 to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the \"Left\" deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted \"Left\" influence. 
一個中心、兩個基本點one central task and two basic points 以經(jīng)濟建設為中心，堅持四項基本原則（1）社會主義道路（2）黨的領導（3）人民民主專政（4）馬列主義毛澤東思想、堅持改革開放 the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people\'\'s democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reform and opening. 
引進、輸入 importation 
引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley 
營業(yè)發(fā)達的公司 going concerns 
優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟結構 optimize the economic structure 
有色金屬 nonferrous metals 
有效地控制通貨膨脹 effectively control inflation 
漁業(yè) fishing 
增額、增值、增長 increment 
整頓經(jīng)濟秩序 rectify economic order 
中國要警惕右，但更要防\"左\"。 China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the \"Left\" deviation. 
逐步實現(xiàn)工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、國防和科學技術的現(xiàn)代化，把我國建設成為富強、民主、文明的社會主義國家。 to modernize the country\'\'s industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy. 
主要成分 dominant sector 
資本主義和社會主義并不是以計劃經(jīng)濟和市場的多少來劃分的。 Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy. 
總工資 total wages